The Third And Final Continent By Jhumpa Lahin - 1832 Words

Ramsey Parra ENGL 110 – 05 FORMAL ESSAY #3 Often times, gender roles play an immense role in society. Countries such as Kenya, India and the United States have all been known to have gender norms and stereotypes. Although the people in those societies may not be aware of them, men tend to be considered alpha males or strive to become them. The women in these societies tend to take a backseat to the men in their lives and never branch out and become their own person. They usually remain a shadow of the man that is representing them, whether it be their fathers, husbands or brothers. In â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† by Jhumpa Lahin, the narrator is a man from India who is bringing his wife, from an arranged marriage, back to the United States. In â€Å"Retrenched† by Ken N. Kamoche, we see the main protagonist Maina obsessed with remaining to be called the alpha male, even after he loses his job and source of income. Although both of these stories seem different, they share similar masculine themes. After an analysis of â€Å"Retrenched†, â€Å"The Third and Final Continent†, and other scholarly articles, it is evident that masculinity is formed through the perception others. Each of the stories previously mentioned take place in different countries were masculinity is interpreted differently. Retrenched is set Kenya, while The Third and Final Continent is set in India and the United States. In Kenya, masculinity is taken very seriously. Chimaraoke Izugbara is a Professor at the

Five Fun Facts on Hybrid Cars

Sure, you understand regenerative braking and you know the difference between plug-in hybrids and the rest of the pack. But are you schooled enough about these popular alternative fuel vehicles to know these five interesting tidbits about them? Hybrid vehicles are not an invention of the last decade. In fact, they date back to 1902 when a gentleman by the name of Ferdinand Porsche built the first fully functioning hybrid car, known as the Mixte. If that name rings a bell, it should. Porsche was indeed the founder of the Porsche company. Early hybrid cars were referred to as Semper Vivus, meaning always alive. The first hybrid had a two-combustion engine with an electric motor hub designed to store energy in the battery. It wasnt until 1997 that the first commercial hybrid car was produced and it was the Toyota Prius which rolled out its first hybrid in Japan that year. Since the Prius hit the market in the U.S., nearly every major automaker has either produced or announced plans to produce, a hybrid vehicle or line of vehicles. Hybrid cars are not the only example of hybrid technology. Hybrid technology isnt new and has been around for many years, as noted above. But did you know that it has been used in mopeds which united the gasoline engine and power pedals? Of course you did...you just never thought about it that way until now. Hybrid technology has also been used in locomotives, submarines, mining trucks and other applications. It took over a century for the technology to find its way back to automobiles. Hybrid cars are not one-trick ponies when it comes to savings. While fuel savings are the most obvious economic argument to be made for hybrid car ownership, with hybrids getting over 50 miles per gallon and using just one-third of gas as conventional cars, there are other financial reasons to consider a hybrid. They have lower depreciation rates compared to their conventional counterparts and most owners will be eligible for a tax rebate. While batteries are costlier, most automakers now offer a lifetime warranty on batteries and some also offer substantial warranties on other parts. Finally, hybrid cars retain excellent retail value. Repair costs wont break the bank. Much like some conventional models, known for their costly maintenance, vehicle maintenance for a hybrid should cost no more than for conventional vehicles. This statement used to be false, but popularity of hybrids has decreased costs considerably with more mechanics now trained routinely to perform maintenance on hybrid vehicles, making it much easier--and less expensive--to keep a hybrid vehicle performing optimally. Hybrid cars are breaking through long-held myths. One of the most nagging myths about hybrid cars is their performance. But with hybrid car makers tuned into this growing concern, advancements in technology with advanced electronic mechanisms which can intelligently strike a balance between performance and efficiency according to the driver’s needs, have answered to this concern. Another myth that is also slowly being disproved is that hybrid cars are dangerous in the case of an accident. In reality, hybrid cars include many safety features to protect both the drivers and passengers as well as emergency response personnel. Power train components are marked clearly with bright colors to warn emergency workers of their existence and recent recommendations are for additional safety features to be put into place. Another example of inaccurate information once believed to be true is that hybrid cars need to be plugged in every evening and that drivers will be stranded if the battery runs down while driving. In reality, the hybrid vehicles popularity has grown at least in part from the realization that hybrids--other than plug-in hybrids--are not plugged in to charge their batteries--they charge while on the go. In addition, hybrids will not leave you stranded since they seamlessly switch to gasoline when necessary...just remember to have some gas in the tank!

The Effects Of Parental Parents On Children - 897 Words

â€Å"Each day of our lives we make deposits in the memory banks of our children.† Charles R. Swindoll. Not knowing if those memories are positive or negative. Each day parents wake up with hope that they can provide for their children’s necessities. There are different kinds of parents some are good for their children but some are not. Most parents raise their kids the way their own parents raised them, whether it was good or bad. Some parents are too protective; they are hard to get along with. Laid-back parents make teenager’s lives simple and joyful because the parents are there to support their children when they need it, without questioning. Then there are the parents who do nothing in providing for their child, neglecting parents, which can result to teenagers getting into bad circumstances. Parents are supposed to support and nurture their children; but if they do not do it properly, there can be serious effects in their children’s future. Having protective parents can make the life of teenagers difficult. Protective parents demand that their children obey them and that they follow rules. These parents mean their best but that is especially hard for teenagers to understand because adolescence is a time when changes happen; teenagers are starting to have their own opinions, which are probably opposite to their parents. It is hard for teenagers to make mistakes if they have protective parents because they always expect something good to come from their kids. Most of theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Parental Involvement On Children And Parents819 Words   |  4 Pages expresses high expectations, and when parents become involved in their children’s education at school and in the community† (pg. 160). Parental involvement has benefits for parents, teachers, and children. Parents †¢ Increase of communication between children and parents – Being involved in a child’s life and education sets the stage for more communication and better relationships between parents and their children. 1. Increase in parenting – When parents are able to help their child, they feelRead MoreThe Effect Of Parent Child Separation On The Middle School Children With Parental Migrations754 Words   |  4 Pages According to literature, parent divorce and separation, job relocations, as well as family migration were three main components for family-child separation (Bradley Corwyn, 2002; Jones et al., 2004; Amato Cheadle, 2005; Huurre et al., 2006; Asis, 2006; De Silva et al., 2007; Graham Jordan, 2011; Jordon Graham, 2012). Parent migration is a more serious problem for most Asian countries comparing to western countries, and more and more research were conducted in Asian. There are not many researchRead MoreThe Effects Of Children After Parental Incarceration1302 Words   |  6 PagesReview: The Effects on Children After Parental Incarceration Prisons have been around for centuries and in many countries the prison population has grown quickly. The prisoners’ health, behavior and well-being have been focal points in many social concerns, however; incarceration goes beyond the prisoners’ experience. It touches employment after incarceration, social stigma, and families and communities that have been affected by incarceration, especially a child with incarcerated parents. That is whatRead More Parental Involvement in Education and its Effects on Student Academic Performance1159 Words   |  5 PagesParental Involvement in Education and its Effects on Student Academic Performance Educational standards have recently become a controversial issue especially in secondary schools. One of the controversial issues surrounding educational standards is the lack of parental involvement. Various forms of parental involvement range from parental encouragement to parental partnership with the school. By examining parental involvement in secondary education, one can determine that positive parentalRead MoreNon-Parental Child Care963 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Non-parental Child Care Non-Parental Child Care: In the initial years of the introduction of non-parental child care, the major question or concern regarding this practice was whether it was helpful or harmful to children. As the practice has developed since its inception, non-parental child care has become a fact of life in the modern society. This has resulted in the change to the initial question as the main concern of the practice in todays society is on the suitable ecological model ofRead MoreClass Dismissed By Meredith Maran1029 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents’ parents should spend more time on getting involved in their children’s education. At first, the author states that if students want to be successful, their parents and schools should play important roles. However, there is a big trouble that parents have different opinion over getting involved in children’s education. Some parents are willing to get involved in their children’s education because they have enough time and sources to do so an d they actually get reward from their parents’ sameRead MoreHow Divorce Affects A Child s Development Essay888 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially children s cognitive performance. Divorce changes children s lives through parental emotion and behavior. Divorce may also increase the risk of negative outcomes for younger and older children. Children from infant and toddler are less likely to be affected by divorce because is an early development stage (Leon, 2003). The purpose of this study is to better understand how parental divorces affects a child s development, how children transition from living with both parent or divorcesRead MoreThe Importance Of Parental Involvement On Children s Life1463 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Parental Involvement Many parents have multiple children, while working a nine to five job, attending family activities and meetings, and staying on top of bills and home duties. Family life can get hectic and parents may not take the time to realize their importance in their children’s academics. Some parents may be too busy, and others may simply not care, but their involvement in their children’s life is essential. Whether parents or children realize it, involvement of parents in children’sRead MoreDivorce Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesWitnessing love between parents deteriorate, having parents break a significant commitment, adapting to going back and forth between two different households, and living with only one parent, all create a challenging environment in which to grow up and live in. However, especially for young children, parental divorce is a turning point in their life. After a divorce, the life that follows is significantly different from how life was previously. For young children, witnessing parental divorce could possiblyRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Divorce On Children1604 Words   |  7 PagesWitnessing love between parents deteriorate, having parents break a significant commitment, adapting to going back and forth between two different households, and living with only one parent, all create a challenging environment in which to grow up and live in. However, especially for young children, parental divorce is a turning point in their life. After a divorce, the life that follows is significantly different from how life was previously. For young children, witnessing parental divorce could possibly

Projectionism In The Color Purple By Alice Walker

Projectionist theories often appear to disprove religion; despite this many devout believers cling to faith while knowing about them. Marx, Feuerbach, and Freud contribute three significant ideas to projectionism. Marx claims that people cling to religion because it is a painkiller and helps them forget the suffering they endure from those who control them. Feuerbach suggests that what a person knows affects and contributes to their view of religion; their upbringing determines how their god appears. Finally, Freud believes that a personal need motivates a view of god and a mass need creates a religion (i.e. the need for a higher purpose). In The Color Purple, Alice Walker analyzes both of these theories using her protagonist Celie and her†¦show more content†¦She has never known anyone else who could appear as God, therefore, her mind tells her that her father is God. This clears up some confusion for the reader; Celie respects her father not only due to physical fear but b ecause she believes he is god. Later in the book, Celie encounters more men in her life this changes how she refers to her father. She no longer calls him god, but Pa. The more she experiences, the more her perspective shifts. Later, Celie begins to lose faith in God, but she continues to stand up for Christianity. Shug and she discuss her life and how religion affects it. This loss of faith could be caused by her no longer needed a ‘pain-killer’ in her life, without that need there would desire for a god. Marx argues, â€Å"It [religion] is the opium of the people† (1). Celie says that she no longer trusts God because he acts like every other man she knows; she believes God is a man because that was the universal religion. When discussing who God is, they bring up important arguments for why they would believe God looks the way they believe God does: God wrote the bible, white folks had nothing to do with it. How come he look just like them, then? She say. Only bigger? And a heap more hair. How come the bible just like everything else they make, all about them doing one thing and another, and all the colored folks doing is gitting cursed (Walker 96)? Celie tries to call Shug

Free Sample Report on Leadership And Management Approach

Question- Write a report which will analyse leadership and management approch and make recommendations for improvement? Answer- Introduction While making vital alterations and changes within any business, competence, adaption as well as human relations require to be measured and trade-offs aid these are to be analyzed which also might be apparently affected. Nissan is a motor firm that continues its mission to optimize goods development as well as delivers very highly innovative and advanced technology. Leadershiprefers to proper process ofthe social influencewithin which sole person could enlist appropriate aid plussupportof some others in accomplishment of very commontask. For instance, few people understand the meaning of aleadermerely as a person whom public follows, otherwise as somebody that guides and even directs others, and some others also define leadership like "organizing the group of individuals to attain a widespreadgoal (Bush, 2010). About the case: Efficiency at the firm was actually improved by shutting down 5 of factories situated in Japan plus eliminating about 21,000 jobs towards maximizing the production as well as reduction of wastage. For simplifying production procedure a manager named Mr. Ghosn condensed actual quantity of the cars platforms approximately by some 50% plus number of the power trains somewhat by 33%. Also relations among human are always seen as a proper swap while job cuts exist, this even was counteracted by the manager. He utilized natural abrasion at the same time as selling of the subsidiaries otherwise presenting untimely retirement or else part-time job at some other firm and all of this would support morale of staffs that left as well as the ones which remained so did not actually feel that guilty plus even suffered from survivor syndrome. Decreasing the purchasing price by some 20% was other way that the firm improved its efficiency through; this even was attained by dipping number of the suppli ers as well as making greater orders (Carlisle, 1970). An unenthusiastic trade off through this also was reduced relation status with the suppliers which is very highly assumed aspect of the business within Japan. Engineers were also blamed for making of the overly precise orders that enhanced the costs without cause as they even produced the cars to exclusively improve the performance, trade off even was that the cars started to be build with the customer requirements in mind and not merely performance improvement. Discussion As per understanding about the fact and figures related to leadership, distribution and resource management poor distribution was found to be a vast reason for downfall of the firm; Mr. Ghosn reduced the dealerships by some 10%. The Brand loyalty in reality is very high within Japan plus is even determined by very good consumer relations that was proper trade off intended for reduction within the dealerships and also this was appropriately handled by enhancing management within the left over dealerships in order to become extra entrepreneurial than other social roles in business (Carter and Greer, 2013). Design was also instigated by the engineers as well as not by designers and this was the reason why merely 4 of 43 cars within the manufacture were actually gainful. Twelve novel cars also were yet to be made by the designers, to convene the consumer needs (Williams, 1965). Transaction of all such was a very deprived self-esteem intended for engineers yet similarly designers also wer e provided liberty for being ground-breaking as well as feeling extra valued by firm. Adaption got improved through correct identification of vital changes, at the same time as not speaking about these changes to the staffs. These plans and strategies were all unconfined at once by means of explanations at the back of their requirements as to fend off criticism plus prejudgments. Trade off intended for all such was within the utilization of fractious efficient teams towards improving the relations among human through communication all across divisions designed for them towards recognizing major alterations themselves. Human relationships also got better merely for the firm and not for the staffs by not providing any lifetime guarantees of job plus not sticking to seniority scheme that also was prepared for payments as well as promotions that would lead towards replacement of weak and poor middle management by the competent one (Cass, 2002). To come to a solution Ghosn tried towards weighing up as well as counter acting all the tradeoffs amid the efficiency, adaption as well as human relations properly with the utilization of merit strategies, extra innovation plus even better management. Moreover there existed no strong counter activity related to reduction of purchase costs and this was also evident specially for engineers where it was actually obvious about the way in which designers get benefited from changes that are made. Main issue: Effective change which is very essential towards success plus survival of the business a proper and effective management of change became critical for Nissan as well as Ghosns success. How did Ghosn manage all this and how did they overcome? Analysis: Ghosn in reality used intended change that had driving forces as well as restraining forces which affect firms position of equilibrium while implementation. All the features of properly planned change also include the assumptions about the stable and even predictable ecology which the firm already has. Needed change should be also identifiable and Ghosn meets all this through introducing a proper cross operation team to recognize the problems as well as changes needed. For moving from a fixed change towards other, this also was done with permanent shutting down of some 5 factories as well as loss of about 21,000 jobs. Firms associates must also be enthusiastic towards alteration; Ghosn enhanced their enthusiasm towards change through building a proper vision intended for firm, authorizing staffs like the designers as well as cross functional groups to recognize changes required and ones that meant that they would after that be additionally willing to chase the changes (de Vries, 2012 ). To have appropriate tools as well as techniques attainable, Ghosn also had all tools on hand, in majority of situations it was the case of dropping them regarding the factories, labors as well as suppliers. Where he lacked correct tools and techniques he brought all of them and then utilized the same (Stamp, 1986). Ghosn anyhow managed to put into practice all these alterations by utilizing Lewins triple step replica of the change. In unfreezing phase Ghosn actually made sure that staffs were fully ready for the acceptation of change as well as understood all the needs for this (Dunkerley, 1972). This also was attained by utilizing proper cross operational groups, as staffs would recognize issues as well as provides solutions of firms problems which would later lead towards higher receipt of change as changes were comprehended and not at all dictated. Then was change phase of the cycle which was worn to execute required alterations which Ghosn as well as cross operational teams have recognized like reduction within the dealers, improved sharing channels as well as management and consumer focused plan plus drop in manufacture prices. Refreezing phase of the cycle is the Ghosns most poor portion regarding delivery. Nothing was outlined specifically towards making sure about all those attitudes and processes as well as cultures even do not revisit to the way in which they were similar patterns that did not emerge again (Evans, 2007). Here Ghosn was right when he decided to not refreeze changes, and opened statement points towards need for continuous change plus transformation for the firm to maintain changing ecologies that people task within. This would thus count as a disapproval of theory; because Lewin talks regarding strategy for alterations but never recognizes that the change must be stable as well as endless. A trait refers also to some variety of persons attributes that includes personality, and temperament, needs as well as motives plus values. Skills also refer to ability of doing things within an effectual manner as well as are determined through learning plus heredity (Fox, 1957). The utilization of proper traits plus skills would also have utilization by the manager Ghosn towards productively leading the firm and making it come out of crisis towards meeting goals that the manager had set for firm. The triple elements classification of the skills demonstrates that this could also be busted into phases like Technical skills and Interpersonal as well as Conceptual knowledge. The manager demonstrates his proper technological skills whilw dipping amount for the authority train mixture and also platforms for car because of his knowledge of procedure needed. This also demonstrates his proper tactical leadership while organizing all the operations effectively as well as supporting greater presentation (Special Issue Leadership Journal: Indigenous Leadership, 2014). Interpersonal skills also were demonstrated when offering appropriate cross operational teams towards identifying as well as eradicating issues in business. Altering towards merit pay scheme from seniority bases payment system even showed the high-quality interpersonal skills in the manager because by captivating one away yet replacing loss with incredibly a better person and that too extra productive one he proved to be a good manager. This was very courageous decision because these tactics have never at any time been reflected before within the Japanese businesses before Ghosns arrival. The theoretical skills even got established in the capability of Mr. Ghosn to decrease manufacture costs through somewhat 20%, by means of wounding upon the plant, staffs, dealers as well as dealers plus even running to maintain a constructive turn on all these prices decreasing proposals (Sethuraman and Suresh, 2014). This proved his capability towards making some better decisions as compared to Japanese competitors as well as thus be a very successful tactical leader. Charismatic Leader: Ghosns character was seen to be charismatic as actually carried traits of the charisma like being self confident as well as enthusiastic plus eager to carry individual risks, like putting own job as well as standing in a single line. The manager also confronted total position quo along with belongings like reducing dealerships as well as suppliers plus introducing the cross-functional groups (Hatfield, 1982). This manager was even innovative as well as unconventional regarding the way in which Japanese function generally, by teaching their designers to build 12 novel cars for proper structure plus altering total payment as well as promotion scheme in firm. Strategic Leader: Ghosn in this case has shown vital range of varied skills as well as traits which are required to be very successful and good strategic leader, like interpersonal skills towards convincing people of some novel vision as well as getting them dedicated to goals via his self sturdy beliefs plus commitment towards them. Authorizing the employees was also utilized to facilitate them towards becoming extra innovative plus creative as well as to be capable for identifying as well as solving issues themselves (Johnson and Klee, 2007). Ghosn also managed to get better production efficiency through all his conceptualization skills at the same time as showing charisma to being capable to confront position quos within a civilization which has a logically higher phase of indecision prevention. Transformational Leader: A proper transformational leader actually is a person who recognizes all required needed change, and also creates proper vision towards guiding change via inspiration, as well as executes change with obligation of all his followers. Empowering Leader: This type of leader is someone who provides a very clear vision, strategy as well as growing tool kit to the firm as well as his followers (Lane, 1990). Ghosn was in this case was also a transformational manager because he included every of 4 Is in self leadership manner. Ghosn even tried to attain romanticized power through building very huge dedication to goals which the manager has put through scheduling his task on line. All such is very charismatic as well as certain thing towards doing things which would have resolutely set belief which he was domineeringly knowledgeable as well as capable of. Change-orientate: A good leader who is change-orientated is someone who actually doesnt recognize requirement for the change makes a novel apparition as well as later institutionalizes all the alterations. Ghosn also was the leader who was change-orientated because he did recognize as well as implement changes yet it was obvious that alterations were needed, and this is the reason why Ghosn actually was brought into Nissan (Schmid, 2006). Facts about the manager Inspirational motivation also was clearly put into practice through Ghosn because he as a manager created and set all his aims very apparent as well as daring and he also unconfined them at one time, and at the same time managed to shun leakage towards minimizing criticism devoid of understanding. Merit pay system was also seen to be motivational to the staffs as they also would then know that they can obtain credit plus endorsement for many reasons except superiority. The manager has also directed for installation of intellectual inspiration to all his staffs via employing cross operational groups which permitted them towards becoming creative as well as pioneering in all of the looms evaluated against every of prior roles (Lawler, 2005). Mr. Ghosn uniformly gave the designers similar liberty towards becoming innovative. The manager also challenged organization procedures with reduction within the suppliers, distributors as well as employing the power trains plus some car podiums. Individualized thought also was enclosed through use of the merit pay scheme as well as every of the staffs now has capability to earn some extra 33% from the salary via additional benefit. They could even then increase promotion and incentives while it actually was never possible previously beneath old scheme. Nevertheless he also might have performed extra for the engineers because they attained disapproval for excessively comprehensive stipulation on the orders as well as carrying extra power upon the designers also nonentity was said upon the way in which people would actually be selected up merely later to knockdowns (Rogers, 2012). Proper mentoring otherwise education system might also get included to support the staffs attain their goals extra efficiently towards improving upon such point. One of vast mixed cultural problem which was to be addressed through the firm was activity of decreasing quantity of the dealers to firm, which also was seen as unparalleled within the past. This also was as a reason of supplier relation that was deemed sacrosanct (Liviatan, 1966). Portion of issue was actually that the firm also was sometime part of the Keiretsu culture within Japan, and all this is the place where a very great cluster of firms work along with one another towards perceiving the benefit of each other. It even was seen as very security net on which every firms owned shares within each other as well as kept one another in safer zones. Recommendation An evenly important and vital cross cultural problem which was altered at the Nissan actually was a belief of carrying a job intended for life plus endorsement pay on the basis of seniority. At the time when the scheme based on merit pay was brought, it was all about inspiring staffs to shove for all promotions in place of merely sitting for them towards getting happened. Along with novel procedures of the answerability evaluated against aims of firm commenced such showed very weak middle and upper administration that required replacement. This was shock towards Japanese because their culture also has been towards respecting elders and this also was actually no longer situation with novel scheme in place. In the culture in Japan actually there exist very high stage of the indecision avoidance, all such is at time while people in reality have a terror about vague situations as well as try to find security plus constancy. Ghosn has confronted the culture through instantaneously placing people in the mixed operational teams towards identifying issues with the firm. Such a risk could be dangerous and must be avoided (Martnez et al., 2000). Employees may have also felt uncomfortable through application of new style which also had never been experienced by them before. This may create feeling of danger and lower their motivation level. Such a risky task should not be taken so immediately. Ghosn may have consulted higher management and understand the issues people face on the daily basis. This would have given extra details about the issue. Japanese focused a lot upon maintenance of relationships because they believe that this would create brand loyalty which would also ensure the repetition of purchase. This also can be joined to sacrosanct relation who they also had with the suppliers as well as distributors plus even their involvement within Keiretsu culture which created such behavior. Ghosn must try to change this philosophy for relying upon brand loyalty as well as try to bring in need to assemble customer needs which also would also make people incredibly extra goal oriented (Millikin and Fu, 2004). The vital cultural issues which required to be altered at Nissan, also was movement far from reliance of some other firms and relations built with all of them for ensuring maximum work competence and output for themselves. This was evenly as vital as the staffs realized that they would also not have any easy ride through some guaranteed job as well as promotion yet that they also had to perform for things as well as prove themselves extra worthy of any such rewards (Nissan makes major investment in 3D scanning equipment, 2002) Conclusion Ghosn incorporated all of the three leadership styles yet it uses change as well as empowering leadership in the form of tools towards directing the transformational leadership that he followed to a style that would be more successful and towards helping self to attain intellectual stimulation as well as individualized thought. With Ghosn creating so vast changes in the firm named Nissan, it also was inevitable that few of these alterations would affect culture of company as well as issues which are also aligned along with them. Decreasing the purchasing price by some 20% was other way that the firm improved its efficiency through; this even was attained by dipping number of the suppliers as well as making greater orders. To have appropriate tools as well as techniques attainable, Ghosn also had all tools on hand, in most situations it was the case of dropping them regarding the factories, workers as well as suppliers. Strategic leadership needs a proper managerial ability towards an ticipating as well as envision alteration whilst upholding the flexibility as well as empowering some others towards managing proper strategic change and alteration if necessary. Effectual strategic leaders also tend and in reality are even capable for managing operations efficiently, sustain very high performance, create better decisions rather than competitors, as well as make brave and courageous as well as pragmatic decisions that would benefit the firm as well as employees working therein. They also must also know the way in which their decisions in reality affect internal scheme and admiration of feedback from coworkers and employees related to their decisions as well as visions. References Bush, T. (2010). Accelerating Leadership Development. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 38(2), pp.147-148. Carlisle, A. (1970). Leadership Styles for Foreign Operations. Relations industrielles, 25(2), p.256. Carter, S. and Greer, C. (2013). Strategic Leadership: Values, Styles, and Organizational Performance. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 20(4), pp.375-393. Cass, S. (2002). Nissan v. Nissan [trademark dispute]. IEEE Spectr., 39(10), pp.53-54. de Vries, R. (2012). Personality predictors of leadership styles and the selfother agreement problem. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(5), pp.809-821. Dunkerley, D. (1972). Leadership Styles and Leadership Effectiveness. Personnel Review, 1(4), pp.57-62. Evans, D. (2007). An exploratory review of global leadership: The example of French and British leadership styles. J Ldrship Studies, 1(1), pp.28-33. Fox, W. (1957). Group Reaction to Two Types of Conference Leadership. Human Relations, 10(3), pp.279-289. Hatfield, B. (1982). Leadership Styles. Hospital Topics, 60(6), pp.18-18. Johnson, N. and Klee, T. (2007). Passive-Aggressive Behavior and Leadership Styles in Organizations. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 14(2), pp.130-142. Lane, F. (1990). The problem of leadership. Nonprofit Management Leadership, 1(1), pp.75-78. Lawler, J. (2005). The Essence of Leadership? Existentialism and Leadership. Leadership, 1(2), pp.215-231. Liviatan, N. (1966). The Concept of Capital in Professor Solow's Model. Econometrica, 34(1), p.220. Martnez, E., Nissn, R., Martinez, E. and Nissan, R. (2000). No slo para dormir es la noche. Hispania, 83(3), p.485. Millikin, J. and Fu, D. (2004). The global leadership of Carlos Ghosn at Nissan. Thunderbird International Business Review, 47(1), pp.121-137. Nissan makes major investment in 3D scanning equipment. (2002). Sensor Review, 22(1). Rogers, R. (2012). Leadership communication styles: a descriptive analysis of health care professionals. JHL, p.47. Schmid, H. (2006). Leadership styles and leadership change in human and community service organizations. Nonprofit Management Leadership, 17(2), pp.179-194. Sethuraman, K. and Suresh, J. (2014). Effective Leadership Styles. International Business Research, 7(9). Special Issue Leadership Journal: Indigenous Leadership. (2014). Leadership, 10(2), pp.263-265. Stamp, G. (1986). Management Styles. Leadership Org Development J, 7(3), pp.27-32. Williams, V. (1965). Leadership Types, Role Differentiation, and System Problems. Social Forces, 43(3), pp.380-389.

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program

Question: Discuss about the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program. Answer: Introduction The paper depicts the importance of implementing internal control system in Fruito a local fruit and vegetable selling shop that helps the shop to mitigate the risks. During ordering and receiving fruit and vegetable stock, Fruito is facing several risks. The possible risk factors will be encountered and their impact on the business will be demonstrated in this paper. In order to mitigate the risks certain internal control systems are identified. Implementation of those internal control systems will be illustrated in this paper. The impact of those risk management factors will also be elaborated in this paper. Identification of risks and their impact during ordering and receiving of stocks During identification it has been found that, Fruito, local business is getting affected due to lack of management-oriented risks. The potential business risks and potential impact of the risks are as follows: Risks Impact Information reliability Fruito serves a proper authorized purchase orders to supply fruits and vegetables. The standard quality will not meet if good foods are purchased from unauthenticated vendors (Lee Eom, 2015). If the ordered and supplied products are completely prepared on a timely manner then the unfulfilled requirements of the consumers will not be able to determine by the management. The transaction of the purchased orders are processed reliably and reported in an organized manner. The files might lose from the storage or damaged during transaction (Nicolaou, Ibrahim Van Heck, 2013). The recipient of Fruito are completely authorized thus, if the received material do not meet the pre specified stock then it will be a major risk for Fruito. Performance measurement Different performance measurement tools are used by Fruito for their business process development. During performance evaluation if Fruito uses inappropriate measurement tools then, it will interrupt the decision making approach of the local fruit shop (Ayala et al., 2015). In order to obtain the accurate information relevance to Fruito the employees and management are needed to frame control process system. Lacks of planning processes will incorrect perception to the consumers. In a timely manner up gradation of the managing software system is not possible if required information is not available. Operational ineffectiveness and inefficiency The fruits and vegetables purchased by the local fruit shop are required to maintain the security during the ongoing process (Martin et al., 2012). Inadequate physical safeguard Temporary diversion and unauthorized services to serve the purposes will lost or damage the products. Unsafe receiving process During logistics rather import and export of the products if any accident took place then, it will harm the employees and the products also Glanz, Bader Iyer, 2012 (. Fruito will not observe the regulatory requirements. Complain on law and the regulations served by Fruito Due to lack of management availability Fruito faced penalties and fines from the government. The company will not be able to stand in front of the competitive advantages in the marketplace from the same domain. Inappropriate links and cooperation among the buyers and suppliers will put high impact on the business served by Fruito In appropriate management facilities Lack of business strategies is another risk associated with Fruito. If the strategies are not up to the mark then, the company will not be able to reach the ultimate business results (Heise, Strecker Frank, 2014). For incorrect adversarial approaches and lack of technical management the local fruit shop will lack the competitive advantages, which will affect both the suppliers and the buyers. Recommendations to internal control system that is needed to be implemented The risks that have been occurred in Fruito can be mitigated by implementing certain internal control system. Information reliability: The purchase orders are needed to be completely authorized. For all the supplied, purchased orders purchase requisition is needed to be prepared particular departments of Fruito. Before formation of the commitments, all the requisitions such as vendors, price, quality and quantity are needed to be approved (Nicolaou, Ibrahim Van Heck, 2013). In order to generate the purchase orders digital support in terms of computer and database are needed. Automatic verification system is needed to be developed during the entry of the purchase orders. Fruito must ensure that during creation of the purchase order they are using only the authorized terms. Performance measurement: In order to measure and process the performance that is based on the data gathered during transaction internal control system are implemented. It helps in time management, delivery timing. The actual process of the performance can also be periodically reviewed. In order to improve the procurement and processes different information are needed to be gathered from various resources (Tolle, 2016). Performance measurement system will give timely management and favorable cost to the consumers. The pre determined objectives of Fruito could be easily achieved. Operational effectiveness and efficiency: Periodic update of vendors and their capabilities measurement will help to improve the product line and quality as well. Specified procedures will reduce the performance related problems. Reevaluation of data is possible for alternative vendors and their decisions. Constant evaluation of the cross-functional teams becoming valid after the adaptation of the internal control system. Adequate physical safeguard: Restriction in receiving and the storage area will provide security to the entire process. The receiving and delivery will remain off if the processing is closed (Andreyeva Luedicke, 2015). During shipping of products safe shipping facilities will be available after adopting the internal control system. Unless a good business practice is facilitates, the receiving functions are keep on physically segregated. Safe receiving process: It provides completely trained employees, who are capable to inspect the entire system on regular basis. Complain on law and the regulations served by Fruito: Required laws and regulations become available after adopting this internal control system. Different processes are deployed that fulfill all the requirements. All possible future requirements such as distributive information flow, regulatory environment management can be served easily (Martin et al., 2012). Management control system is one of the most important business strategies that help to develop the relation between the suppliers and the buyers as well. Summary of the Findings for the CFO Risks Impact Control Information are not reliable It creates problem in maintain the stock of the shop effectively (Nicolaou, Ibrahim Van Heck, 2013). The data and information related with the stock can be misplaced Collecting proper Reliable information by maintaining the database Improper Performance measurement Interrupt the decision making approach of the local fruit shop Lack of planning process creates problem for the consumers (Andreyeva Luedicke, 2015) Performance measurement must be developed Operational ineffectiveness and inefficiency Causes problem in ordering and delivering items The management are unable to manage the different administrative operations effectively Security issues may arise Periodic update of vendors and their capabilities measurement helps in improving the product line as well as quality. Inadequate physical safeguard It increases the chances of product damage Improper customer satisfaction Restriction must be there in storing as well as receiving storage area. Unsafe receiving process Products gets damaged during receiving them (Heise, Strecker Frank, 2014). The fruit shop have undergo loss of revenue The receiving process must be developed by utilizing different emerging technologies. In appropriate management facilities Lack of business strategies Improper management Proper management procedure must be followed. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be conceded that, the chief financial accountant of Fruito should adopt different internal control system to develop the business process and mitigate different risks that are continuously occurring. It has been found that, during receiving and ordering of stock Fruito is facing many risks and after adopting different internal control management system the risks can be mitigated. References Andreyeva, T., Luedicke, J. (2015). Incentivizing fruit and vegetable purchases among participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.Public health nutrition,18(01), 33-41. Ayala, G. X., Baquero, B., Pickrel, J. L., Mayer, J., Belch, G., Rock, C. L., ... 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